The Federal Reserve: A Criminal Cartel In Which the World is Silent About
Posted by fahim knight at 21:19, 08 Jan 2010THE FEDERAL RESERVE: A CRIMINAL CARTEL IN WHICH THE WORLD IS SILENT ABOUT
By Fahim A. Knight-EL
No one wants to admit, especially not our elected politicians that the problem, which is destroying and ripping the United States and globe apart, is the Federal Reserve System, but this writer suspects that many of those who sit in congress and oversees the federal government has to know that the root of the economic and global woes are inextricably tied to how the Federal Reserve is allowed to function (the Fed functions with no rules and is all sovereign). However, to admit this fact and phenomena would automatically indict themselves and show forth their complicity in this criminal act. How about their oath of office in which they swore to uphold—defend and protect the United States Constitution against all foreign and domestic enemies, as well as observed the law. (Reference: YouTube Link Minister Louis Farrakhan:
All five hundred and thirty-four (534) congresspersons have violated their oath of office with the alone exception and dissenter being, the Republican Congressman Ron Paul (there might be a few others that have openly attested and protested the Federal Reserve). Some may agree with Paul in private, but lack the courage to stand front and center, to oppose by far, the most powerful entity in the world. Most politicians do what is considered politically expedient (it is not expedient to publically oppose Ben Bernanke—the godfather of banking and finance, if you desire to have a further political career) and are willing to be very opportunistic. If a politician can exploit a situation without bearing little to no negative personal consequences to extend their political life, then only is it worth the risk of venturing into certain waters. But to tackle the Federal Reserve could quickly short lease a politician who has aspirations of upward political mobility. (Reference: Congressman Ron Paul YouTube Link:
Some of my pundits and critics have deemed these type discussions as being old and/or obsolete because many have argued that the Internet has made this type information accessible and available to all. Moreover, in theory this might be true, but if you asked the average person of how the Federal Reserve and Central Banking systems functions; you might get a blank stare. I do agree that perhaps since the collapse of global economy many may have heard about these institutions from a surface perspective. But this writer is convince that 95% of the world's people still can not give you an intelligent response relative to understanding and knowing the inner workings of the Federal Reserve System.
Therefore, this writer does not view this topic as being exhaustive because of the many layers of deceptions which still begs to be decoded. We can not assume just because we may have come in contact with certain information and may have even internalized that information, but those that are in power, are often there, because of their ability to exploit the ignorance of the masses of the people (this is the formula to keeping them in power).
There is not a time that this writer does not pick up Eustace Mullins book titled "The Secret of the Federal Reserve" and or William Greider's book "Secrets of Temple" and walk away unchanged; each time this writer reads these timeless treatise more, and more are revealed, which I perhaps did not get in the first, second, third or even fourth time reading these treasured pieces. If it stands true that the masses have been exposed to this level of information and have failed to act on it, it then renders us latent and even active agents in our political, social, and economic demise. There is a war going on for the hearts and minds of humanity.
The greatest enemy to the freedoms of America and the international community is the Federal Reserve, it shrewdly connives and manipulate world events by manipulating the fluctuation of money; therefore constantly producing artificial crisis that is given life via the propaganda machines, which pit nations and people against each other, instigate racial and cultural differences amongst the people of the globe, antagonize religious differences—Muslims versus Christian, Jew versus Muslim, Catholic versus Protestant, Hindu versus Sikh, poor versus rich, black people versus white people, etc., this list by no means represents a complete list of the tricks and manipulation that the Federal Reserve and their arm of operatives play on humanity.
They are even behind sectarian conflicts of Sunni versus Shia and often it is their dirty invisible money that is backing both sides of these type internal conflicts. They truly do not give a damn about two religious peasants squabbling of religious dogma, as long as the ultimate objective still remains the same, divide and conquer. Their ultimate loyalty is to money and whichever side is propped up in power, it will be designed to serve their financial interest; winning is to be determined at any cost and does not matter which form of government is in power—all them will be subservient to the highest orders of the food chain. (Reference: YouTube Link Minister Louis Farrakhan:
Carroll Quigley in his book “Tragedy and Hope” stated: “It was this group of people, whose wealth and influence so exceeded their experience and understanding, who provided much of the framework of influence which the communist sympathizers and fellow travelers took over in the United States in the 1930s. It must be recognized that the power that these energetic left-wingers exercised was never their own power or communist power but was the ultimately the power of the international financial coterie.”
(Reference: Pat Roberson; “The New World Order;” p. 114. Quote lifted from Carroll Quigley; “Tragedy and Hope”).
The Federal Reserve always creates win--win situations for themselves and it is Ben Bernanke that's influencing the course of domestic and foreign policy (simply, he controls the money and the world's monetary reserve), it is not congress and it is not President Barack Obama—they are just visible pawns and low level operatives who are just following the script. (Reference: Congressman Ron Paul YouTube Link:
This writer has said over and over again, that 9/11 was one of the most deceptive ploys and criminal acts ever to be recorded in human history—imagine the planning that went into staging an event like this and lining up all the players who would participate in the duping, as well as creating symbols of radical militant Islam and personalities such as Bin-Laden, et., and other pasties. The people are always left embracing the decoy, which leads them into senseless directions while the wickedly wise use their ignorance to further the global agenda and New World Order.
9/11 would be the event that the Federal Reserve would use to call the world's debt-in and justify their actions by imposing on the globe an economic induced artificial crisis (depression or recession) and us peasants are left squandering over a dead economic corpse/carcass and for good measure they threw in the likes of a Bernie Madoff to sooth our pain and misery. The ignorant found a sense of comfort by accepting Madoff as a scapegoat and in reality, you can line up a million Madoffs and their ponzi scams and they still will not factor into the level of thievery and criminal activity that those Invisible Forces who operate under the cloak of darkness and secrecy have committed against humanity.
Many even felt a sense of reprieved that some petty conman billionaire went to prison and do not realize that the Bernie Madoffs are just convenient fall guys, but the real criminals are faceless and nameless—they from time to time throw out the likes of Bernie Madoff as fresh meat in order to keep the masses pacified and content with their oppression. The Invisible Rulers crimes are protected under sovereign immunity and will never be brought into a so-called court of law. They used 9/11 to alter and change the world—led the people to believe that their national security was under attack—gave them government sanctioned terror alert color codes and every now and then, they manipulate these so-called various alerts by elevating the code to red and/or orange whether or not these threats are real or not the masses of people will never know. This writer believes that this is systematically done to send the masses of people into panic mode, it makes them more susceptible to being controlled.
For example, this is how the market is tied to their efforts to induce panic and fear; thus this writer witness last week, the former head of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff, I believe it was on CNN and he was talking about the so-called recent breach of airport security involving the allege terrorist suspect Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab. Chertoff was given some good information about what the United States needed to do to improve airport security and the reporter said in all fairness Chertoff is a consultant for one of the hardware companies that makes the full body scanners. So immediately, I asked myself, was he really interested in providing homeland security and after the reporter revealed his hold card could I believe that he was being objective or was he just a low level operative that was hustling panic and fear to make money.
They had already after 9/11 used the U.S. Patriot Act and other executive orders to strip the American people of almost all their civil liberties and this recent event involving this young Nigerian is giving them more cause to eradicate some more civil liberties and guess what we will applaud their actions and view them as working in the interest of keeping us safe. They also are now revisiting the 9/11 Commission report in which they have already constructed the language in the Military Commission Act, Anti-Terrorism Bill, U.S. Patriot Act, etc., ridding us of the freedoms guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution.
The real terrorist sits in the office of the Federal Reserve and he is the most dangerous entity on the planet—he rules the world with the stroke of a fountain pen and with a money printing press, which is more lethal than all the world arm forces and military capabilities put together. Bernanke does not have to fire a shot; he just withhold currency, flood the market with to much money, impose unbearable interest rates, create inflation—overvalue precious metals such as gold and silver and most of all determine who eats and who starves. This is just too much power for one individual to have over humanity.
Thus, after reading this article you should stop looking for some Islamic Middle Eastern terrorist to wreck havoc on the American people and the western world, but since we are looking for such characters; thus, for good measures the Invisible Rulers will throw in the likes of the Fort Hood Attack and Nidal Hasan and the so-called Nigerian born terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab (who I believe is an innocent young pasty) and even have the ability to create a new Osama Bin Laden in Anwar al-Awlaki. May be after these recent events the State Department will put Nigeria on the terrorist nations watch list and upgrade them from 419 scam country of the world. This writer doesn’t know how committed they are to radical militant Islam, but they are masterful 419 scheme artists.
Most of this is orchestrated in part from the Federal Reserve because they are masters at fear baiting in which each crisis is calculated in terms of dollars and cents—they set the global stock markets around war, which is one of their greatest assets and intangible commodities; next to stealing and exploiting people's natural resources and labor, war is highly profitable—this is why there is no sense of urgency to leave Iraq (still plenty of oil money to be made) and the U.S. is definitely not leaving Afghanistan (huge opium and poppy plants markets; to much dope to be sold and to much money to be made in the western governments economies) no time soon and now they are creating this public perception that Yemen is the new hub for terrorist activity (if I did not know any better these wars, Islamic nations versus Christian western nations resembles the Crusade Wars of the 11th Century).
Most Americans are so ignorant they can not locate Yemen on the world map, but you will find many echoing the sentiments of their invisible masters—death to the people Yemen. This is the same cry that they are echoing against the nation of Iran and even the present internal conflicts in Iran is being exasperated by money changers and the international bankers, which brings us right back to the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve since its inception in 1913 was created by the international bankers to be impenetrable insulated by law and the world's treasures; this agency is more secret than the Central Intelligence Agency and unlike the CIA; it has no legal obligation to be transparent or answerable to the American people.
The United States Congress nor does the President of United States has the authority to intervene in the affairs of the Federal Reserve. This writer will not accept that this august body is oblivious and/or ignorant to the type of leverage and unconstitutional powers that the Federal Reserve possess. Thus, this writer is confident in making this statement because most of your congresspersons have often acquired a first class legal education from some of the top universities and colleges in America in which most of them are lawyers by training.
At the basis of our jurisprudence system lies the United States Constitution and having some understanding of the constitution is a perquisite to being an effective legal advocator and having the legal intellectual ability to interpreted the law and engage case law and legal precedents in order sway a jury or judge to consider the validity of an argument based on having the ability to meet certain standard of proof. Now, surely these legal counselors (U.S. Congresspersons) have read the U.S. Constitution where it plainly stated: "To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures". The U.S. Constitution pursuant to the above legal language did not grant congress a provision which to delegate our money system to any other agency or entity This writer took a course entitled, Constitutional law, but the professors never delved into the question of the legality of the Federal Reserve, but looking back this writer wonders why. (Reference: Congressman Ron Paul YouTube Link:
Andrew Gause stated "My contention is that the Federal Reserve Act was put into place in order for the wealth of the United States to be stripped and transferred to Britain so that she would be able to win World War 1 . . .behind the scenes, the banking powers in the U.S. wanted to help the British all they could, so they created this wonderful Federal Reserve System with its private notes, calling it the money of the United States, then loaning it to Great Britain, while at the same time circulating it here at home. Then on through the Twenties, when the war was over all the money created by the Fed came home to roost.” (Reference: Andrew Gause; "The Secret World of Money”; p. 90.).
Gause continued: “If you question whether the real purpose of the Federal Reserve was, initially, to provide England with funds to fight World War One, ask this question: Hadn't the English banking interests been to institute the Federal Reserve System for the previous 100 years? Clearly they had control of U.S. monetary policy. The Rothschilds had control of the United States' monetary system through the House of Morgan" (Reference: Andrew Gause; "Secret World of Money”; p. 90.).
I am quite sure they have heard the sentiments of Congressman Dr. Ron Paul on Capitol Hill relative to the Federal Reserve. So this writer believes that the problem has been well defined, but no ones seems to be anxious or even willing to offer a solution to reeling this out of control monster in and it is even sadder that our elected officials will not even engage in a debate relative to evaluating and assessing the present day necessity and relativity of such an agency called the Federal Reserve system that was empowered by the Federal Reserve Act.
The manner in which the Federal Reserve system functions make the Italian Mafia appear as child's play because in many instances the Mafia and their bosses have been reeled into Federal Courts where many throughout American history have stood trial and were convicted of violating U.S. law (some of the Mob bosses appeared to be untouchable). However, the U.S. legal system for the most part, did not allow the Mafia criminals that went afoul of the law to appear beyond criminal prosecution and often the long arm of the U.S. jurisprudence system eventually caught up with them. We were told early on that there was no one above the law, but this writer would later find out that this axiom was not true and there existed a sector of Elitist individuals that were above the law and functioned outside of all nations jurisprudence systems (even on a lower level, money determines how justice is dispensed, in particular in the United States and believe me justice is not blind).
Ben Bernanke, the Federal Reserve Chairman is willfully and intentionally breaking U.S. law every time he gives the Federal Reserve consent to create money out of thin air and flood the domestic market and the global market knowingly with worthless paper that in of itself has no value, it is an act of conspiracy against the American people and most of all it violates the United States Constitution.
This writer witness 60 Minutes CBS television news show this past summer, which was
allowed to take their cameras into the chambers of the Federal Reserve board meeting room and the public for perhaps the first time got a look at the architecture style and decorum of this solemn edifice. But after the interview with Bernanke, it was clear to me that the seat of power was there and not the oval office in the White House; However, Bernanke did not agree to allowing 60 Minutes to shoot a clip of its board meetings or allow these investigative reporters access to the minutes from the Federal Reserve Board meetings. If President Obama was really trying to solve America’s problems he would start with the ending the Federal Reserve and 50% of world’s problems also would be solved overnight
No system should be allowed to function inside America, a so-called Democratic society without any checks and balances. The Federal Reserve is perhaps the only system that possesses this type of unmitigated latitude, which makes it undemocratic and fundamentally wrong. If the Federal Reserve was not over and responsible for the overall management of the U.S. currency system, which ties it directly to the heart and soul of our society, it would be more acceptable and perhaps even viewed with less suspicion. If it was a government agency, at least it would be mandated to have some level of transparency. But it has the highest level of federal responsibility, although it is a private entity that is not bound or binding by the United States governmental processes. (Reference: Minister Louis Farrakhan YouTube Link:
The Federal Reserve does not have to seek executive, legislative, or judicial consent to determine U.S. and global monetary policy. It just says, be and it is. Ben Bernanke does not have to telephone the president of the United States in which to prior inform him that he has decided to raise or lower interest rates. The president like all other Americans receives the daily Federal Reserve monetary decisions from the mass medium outlets—he may have to even read about it in the Washington Post, Washington Times or hear about it on CNN or Internet.
Thus, often what the Federal Reserve does effects the political course of foreign policy—war and peace is at their disposal. The biggest deception, is that even in 2010 most Americans still think and believe that the Federal Reserve is “federal” agency, which is ran and operated by the U.S. Government. This is the furthest thing from the truth; this all powerful agency from its inception in 1913 has been a private corporation; in fact the Federal Reserve is a government that functions inside a government, it is a supreme government, but functions very separate and apart from the United States sovereignty. But its power and authority is recognized on a daily basis by all the nations on earth. (Reference: Congressman Ron Paul YouTube Link:
William Greider author of “Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country” stated: “Eventually, the political hegemony of money must end. As history had demonstrated again and again, the economic system could not forever endure stable money. Sooner or later, the pendulum must move back in the other direction, either gradually or violently, if people wished to restore a vigorously expanding economy. If financial speculation and the developing vulnerabilities did indeed reach a climactic point of collapse, the shift in political values might be quite sudden. The confident money orthodoxy that had dominated the decade would be smashed in a single illuminating moment, its illusion of stability finally exposed by the deeper fundamentals that had always been present.” (Reference: William Greider; “Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country;” p.715).
Fahim A. Knight-EL Chief Researcher for KEEPING IT REAL THINK TANK located in Durham, NC; our mission is to inform African Americans and all people of good will of the pending dangers that lie ahead; as well as decode the symbolisms and reinterpret the hidden meanings behind those who operate as invisible forces, but covertly rules the world. We are of the belief that an enlighten world will be better prepared to throw off the shackles of ignorance and not be willing participants for the slaughter. Our MOTTO is speaking truth to power. Fahim A. Knight can be reached at fahimknight@yahoo.com.
STAY AWAKE UNTIL WE MEET AGAIN,
Fahim A. Knight-EL
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Comments
1 May 2004
2 days 8 hours
....you will not have much luck waking people up. The masses are druged and lolled into a false sence of reality.
As Gwedd said in another post,(paraphrase)people are more concerned about trying to make a living and bringing up their kids so don't give a hoot.
This very struggle to live a comfortable life and making ends meet is the very tool of the controllers to maintain control, works well hey!
The system is non-sustainable and will implode or explode in the not to distant future. Then the masses will be like lambs to the slaughter as they follow the false flag.
That will be when people like you and myself and others will have to find a good rock to hide under. Providing they don't micro-chip us without us knowing.
Many things are hard to prove, but one thing is not, all you need to do is look up and see the chemtrails and understand that this is a global effort to control.
"Life can be whatever you want it to be, as long as you do what your told."
LRF.
22 December 2007
3 weeks 1 day
Thefloppy1: Very good assessment well stated and well put. Thus, I totally agree with every word. It doesn't look to good for humanity because of our willingness to participate in the slaughter. If we are going alter this present day paradigm, then we must awake from our slumber.
Stay Awake Until We Meet Again,
Fahim A. Knight-EL
28 June 2006
2 days 11 hours
Floppy,
I think that you might be wrong on one point. When the system self-destructs, I think that the people might rise up against their oppressors and destroy them. But, I'll tell you one thing, I'll be fighting back instead of hiding. And, I know of others like me. And if we die, we will die honorably with dignity!
What do you think?
cnnek
{You Can Teach People How To Think Critically Or What To Think; But, You Can't Do Both! It Is Better To Teach People How To Think Critically!!!}
22 November 2004
2 weeks 15 hours
I don't know where you keep getting this idea that the world is silent about it. I hear and read the same sort of complaints you bring, all the time. This is a very popular topic.
Also I keep reading about the evils of paper money. While some people mean that figuratively, most apparently think
that our money exists predominantly on paper. It does not.
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We are the cat.
22 December 2007
3 weeks 1 day
Cooper in "Behold of Pale Horse" makes an excellent point: “Before reading this book (Behold the Pale Horse) I advise you to play at least two complete games of chess. You must learn the rules THEY play by. You must realize objectively that some pieces are more valuable than others and that the king is the most valuable of all. You cannot learn reality if you get caught up in the fantasy that "it's not fair." You must come to know that the ultimate outcome of the game is the only thing that counts. You were lied to when you were told that "it does not matter whether you win or lose, it's how you play the game." Winning in the world of the elite is everything. Indeed, it is the only thing. The power elite intend to win.”
“My research has shown, at this point, that the future laid out for us may be just about impossible to change. I do not agree with the means by which the powerful few have chosen for us to reach the end. I do not agree that the end is where we should end at all. But unless we can wake the people from their sleep, nothing short of civil war will stop the planned outcome. I base that statement not on defeatism but on the apathy of the majority of the American people. Twenty-five years ago 1 would have believed otherwise - but twenty-five years ago I was also sound asleep. We have been taught lies. Reality is not at all what we perceive it to be.” (Reference: William Cooper: Behold a Pale Horse;" p. 2).
Stay Awake Until We Meet Again,
Fahim A. Knight-EL
22 November 2004
2 weeks 15 hours
All this time I thought you were arguing philosophy, and how the world is run. I was wrong.
You are selling books!
:)
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We are the cat.
22 December 2007
3 weeks 1 day
You really do not have anything to say relevant to this conversation and topic. What question do you have pertaining to the Federal Reserve? My research stands on its own merit and many more have come to this same conclusion. This isn't anything Fahim made up; research it for yourself and/or just take a moment and listen to the YouTube clips of Congressman Ron Paul of Texas or Minister Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam; thus, both men gives us some intelligent discourse to think about when it comes to the Federal Reserve. I really do not have time for useless sarcasm. These are some serious times that we are living in; perhaps you are just not looking around you, the signs are everywhere. No, I am not in the book business, I respect the TDG rules and guidelines in which I am quite sure advertising and corporate interest must be prior approved before you are allowed to sell a product on the TDG. I do not have a corporate or business motivation relative to this blog on the Federal Reserve.
Stay Awake Until We Meet Again,
Fahim A. Knight-EL
22 November 2004
2 weeks 15 hours
Indeed many people are saying this about the Fed. Some of them want the good old days of the gold standard currencies, forgetting that these failed miserably.
I know you didn't make this up.
If you can't deal with some sarcasm, you are in the wrong internet.
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We are the cat.
28 June 2006
2 days 11 hours
Earthling,
I agree with you! But, I think that it comes from a misconception of Our Fiat Monitary System. I don't think that most people actually believe that money exists predominantly in the form of paper money. In a sense, however, it does exist predominantly on paper, electronic paper!:)
What do you think?
cnnek
{You Can Teach People How To Think Critically Or What To Think; But, You Can't Do Both! It Is Better To Teach People How To Think Critically!!!}
28 June 2006
2 days 11 hours
Fahim,
The Federal Reserve is a private bank that has been given the exclusive chartered right to print the currency and, in doing so, control the money supply in the United States. Most other countries have private banks that do the same thing. Some of these private banks are The Bank of Mexico, The Bank of Canada, The Bank of England, The Bank of Japan, The Bank of Australia, etc. These banks form a cartel. The center of this banking cartel is in what is known as The City of London. The City of London is the banking center in London, England. In area, The City of London is about one or two square miles. This cartel is a law unto itself for any practical purposes. If we wish to understand this topic and discuss it, we need to discuss it in the context of the cartel as a whole; because, what the Federal Reserve Bank {The Third Bank of the United States}, does is considered business as usual by the cartel around the world. Host countries usually own about 20% of the stock of their bank. Furthermore, loans by these banks to the host country are guarenteed by the taxes collected from the taxpayers of the host country. The First Bank of the United States was started by President George Washington's Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton in about 1791 and given a 20 year charter. Hamilton was the Rothschild's agent in George Washington's cabinate. President James Madison vetoed the renewal of its charter in about 1811. After the war of 1812, the 20 year charter of the The Second Bank of the United States was signed into law by President James Monroe in about 1817. President Andrew Jackson vetoed the renewal of its charter in about 1837.
What do you think?
cnnek
{You Can Teach People How To Think Critically Or What To Think; But, You Can't Do Both! It Is Better To Teach People How To Think Critically!!!}
4 April 2011
44 weeks 1 day
THE DECLINE OF AMERICA AS A CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC AND THE REBIRTH OF AMERICA AS A CORPORATE REPUBLIC.
The United States was originally created as a Constitutional Republic, however it has gradually became a Corporate Republic. ______Some of our elected officials in the legislature have taken it upon themselves to redefine the definition (meaning) of the United States from being a Constitutional Republic to that of a Federal Corporation.
TITLE 28 > PART VI > CHAPTER 176 > SUBCHAPTER A > § 3002
(15) “United States” means—
(A) a Federal corporation;
(B) an agency, department, commission, board, or other entity of the United States; or
(C) an instrumentality of the United States.
We, the people, need to take a good look at the difference of how a Constitutional Republic and a Corporate Republic is structured and then take a good look at how congress has been governing this country lately.
Constitutional Republic is a state where the head of state and other officials are representatives of the people and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens. In a constitutional republic, executive, legislative, and judicial powers are separated into distinct branches. The fact that a constitution exists that limits the government's power makes the state constitutional. That the head(s) of state and other officials are chosen by election, rather than inheriting their positions, and that their decisions are subject to judicial review makes a state republican
Corporate Republic is a theoretical form of government occasionally hypothesized in works of science fiction, though some historical nations such as medieval Florence might be said to have been governed as corporate republics. While retaining some semblance of republican government, a corporate republic would be run primarily like a business, involving a board of directors and executives. Utilities, including hospitals, schools, the army, and the police force, would be privatized. The social welfare function carried out by the state is instead carried out by corporations in the form of benefits to employees. Although corporate republics do not exist officially in the modern world, they are often used in works of fiction or political commentary as a warning of the perceived dangers of unbridled capitalism. In such works, they usually arise when a single, vastly powerful corporation deposes a weak government, over time or in a coup d'état.
Note the words “privatized” (privatization) and “unbridled capitalism” they are a key part of a corporate republic.
Next time one watches the news , one should actually note how many times our elected official use the words the government is to large. The government needs to turn over some of its agencies to the private sector, the private sector knows how to run them better than the government.
________________________________________________________________________
Restructuring Local Government
Privatization
“Privatization is a worldwide phenomenon. In recent years all levels of government, seeking to reduce costs, have begun turning to the private sector to provide some of the services that are ordinarily provided by government. The spread of the privatization movement is grounded in the fundamental belief that market competition in the private sector is a more efficient way to provide these services and allows for greater citizen choice. In practice, however, concerns about service quality, social equity, and employment conditions raise skepticism of privatization. In New York State, labor concerns are also a major issue. Although empirical studies do not provide clear evidence on the costs and benefits of privatization, public perception and pressure for improved government efficiency will keep privatization on the government agenda…“
(RE: Cornell University.)
What does Quasi-governmental agencies have to do with government and the private sector?
Congress created agencies under a new form of government within the government known as the quasi-government. Congress gave these agencies 'quasi- legislative' and/or 'quasi-judicial' powers as well as autonomy in operations, in order to allow these agencies to breach the private sector as a matter of principle rather than by law.
CRS Report for Congress Order Code RL30533
Time will tell whether the emergence of the quasi government is to be viewed as a symptom of decline in our democratic government, or a harbinger of a new, creative management era where the purported artificial barriers between the governmental and private sectors are breached as a matter of principle. . . .
How is quasi-government defined?
Order Code RL30533
“…The Quasi Government: Hybrid Organizations with Both Government and Private Sector Legal Characteristics…”
What is the definition of quasi-legislative and/or quasi-judicial?
Legal Dictionary
Main Entry: quasi–legislative
Function: adjective
: of, relating to, or being an administrative act, body, or procedure that is concerned with the promulgation of rules and regulations or the adoption of laws, charters, or orders and that is based on authority derived from the legislature by statute quasi–legislative decisions — In re Investigation of Unfair Election Practice Objections , 451 North Western Reporter, Second Series 49 (1990
"[J]udicial or quasi-judicial proceedings are defined broadly to include all kinds of truth-seeking proceedings, including administrative, legislative and other official proceedings."
What did the Attorney General say about 'quasi- legislative' and/or 'quasi-judicial' agencies?
The Attorney General has stated:
Agencies have no inherent lawmaking powers. They are not creatures of the Constitution. . . . This means we should abandon the idea that there are such things as 'quasi- legislative' or 'quasi-judicial' functions that can be properly delegated to independent agencies or bodies. . . .
. . . [F]ederal agencies performing executive functions are themselves properly agents of the executive. They are not 'quasi' this, or 'independent' that.
Address by Attorney General Edwin Meese III, Federal Bar Association, Detroit, Mich. (Sept. 13, 1985). The Justice Department took a similar position in litigation over the constitutionality of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act. See Brief for United States at 44-51, Bowsher v. Synar, 106 S. Ct. 3181 (1986) (No. 85-1377).
What did the founding fathers say about autonomy in operations (autonomous governance.)?
The framers of our Constitution warned that if legislative power were combined with executive power, or if legislative power were combined with judicial power, our republic would become an oligarchy and the rights of the people would be sacrificed to achieve the selfish ends of those who govern.
Madison wrote, “(the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judicial, in the same hands, whether of one , few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elected, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.” Typically of the Federalists who advocated ratification of the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton explained that the separation of powers was “itself, in every rational sense, and to every useful purpose, A BILL OF RIGHTS.” It would deny a single department autonomous governance. It would keep abuse of power in check by humbling those in government with the need to satisfy the dictates of competing power centers.
What does quasi-governmental agencies have to do with Privatization of the Federal Government?
Report for Congress Order Code RL33777
Privatization and the Federal Government
Quasi governmental entities may be viewed as a form of privatization because they are substitutes for fully governmental agencies. They are private vehicles for achieving a governmentally declared good. Policymakers have been attracted to quasi governmental entities for a number of reasons, including the popular perception that the private sector is more efficient than government and budgetary constraints (i.e., quasi governmental entities usually are off-budget.)
Accountability
Government agencies, unlike private firms, usually operate under complex accountability hierarchies that include multiple and even conflicting goals. Federal agencies, for example, are subject to the corpus of federal management laws. These laws serve as means for keeping executive branch agencies accountable to Congress, the President, and the public.95 They also embody principles of democratic justice, such as the allowance for public participation and government transparency. To name just a few, the general management laws include the following:
! the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), which provides persons the right to
request information about government operations;
! the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.), which prescribes the process
for agency rulemaking (i.e., interpretation and operationalization of law) , public
participation in this process, and judicial review of rules; and
! the Government in Sunshine Act (5 U.S.C. 552(b)), which requires agencies to hold
open meetings and provide public notice thereof.
Thus, in shifting an activity from the governmental to the private sector, the nature of government oversight is transformed.96 As the components of government provision of goods and services are privatized, the jurisdiction of federal management laws, Congress, the President, and the courts is reduced.
Moreover, privatization shifts government administrative management from implementation to oversight as hierarchical oversight may be replaced by contractual relationships. Government oversight of privatized government activities, or "third- party government," on a large scale is a recent phenomenon and one that many federal administrators and public administration scholars have found vexatious.97
Finally, the entire question — "What constitutes governmental action and what constitutes private action?" — becomes ambiguous when activities once carried out by officers of the federal government are replaced by private persons. The Constitution requires "all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, [to] be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support [the] Constitution." (Article IV, Cl. 3) Contractor and subcontractors, though, need not take such an oath….
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***The federal reserve banks are independent quasi -governmental agencies***
The Federal Reserve Banks are not Federal instrumentalities (agencies) of the Government, instead they are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations.
Why did Congress want the Federal Reserve to be relatively independent?
The intent of Congress in shaping the Federal Reserve Act was to keep politics out of monetary policy. The System is independent of other branches and agencies of government. It is self-financed and therefore is not subject to the congressional budgetary process.
Several recent Supreme Court separations of powers decisions have noted that there are three, and only three, distinct branches of government; 'independent' agencies, therefore, either are in one of the three branches or they are unconstitutional. See Symposium on Administrative Law, The Uneasy Constitutional Status of Administrative Agencies, 36 AM. U.L. REV. 276 (forthcoming 1987) (discussing, inter alia, INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919, 951-52, 953 n.16 (1983); Northern Pipeline Constr. Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co., 458 U.S. 50 (1982) (plurality opinion); Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 118-41 (1976) (per curiam)); see also Note, Incorporation of Executive Agencies into the Executive Branch, 94 YALE L.J. 1766 (1985). Of course, this is not a new concern. See, e.g., 1 K. DAVIS, supra note 2, § 2.7.
Congress in their almighty wisdom has failed to understand that by their creation of quasi-governmental independent agencies they have inadvertently unconstitutionally granted non governmental organizations (NGO’s) co-equal legislative and/or judicial authority to create laws for this country and/or the authority to review and enforce them.
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When congress created quasi-governmental agencies (corporations) did they create a new, creative management era, which allowed them to go beyond the rule of law? Absolutely
A Private Federal Corporation (PFC), also known as a Federal Government Corporation (FGC), is a corporation which has been established by the Federal Government. There are, of course, benefits to this, not the least of which would be the disbursement and management of funding by the corporation that would not be subject to Congressional oversight or monitoring. An additional benefit would be autonomy in operations.
Independent Agencies and Government Corporations
Independent establishments are created by Congress to address concerns that go beyond the scope of ordinary legislation. These agencies are responsible for keeping the government and economy running smoothly. (Re: USA.gov)
What is the definition of legislation?
dictionary.com defines “legislation” as:
1. the act of making or enacting laws.
2. a law or a body of laws enacted.
This raises the question, where did Congress get the lawful authority to create independent agencies and/or government corporations that go beyond the scope of the (law) ordinary legislation.
REMEMBER
What the founding fathers said about autonomy in operations (autonomous governance.)
“…Alexander Hamilton explained that the separation of powers was “itself, in every rational sense, and to every useful purpose, A BILL OF RIGHTS.” It would deny a single department autonomous governance. It would keep abuse of power in check by humbling those in government with the need to satisfy the dictates of competing power centers.”